Investigates the principle that God can be found in all things. How are we to envision God and the virtuous life in light of the theological and scriptural understandings of the prophets, Jesus and human existence from which that Catholic, Jesuit conviction springs? What differentiates a faith understanding from other academic, scientific and secular ways of thinking and drawing conclusions? How are we to assess the merits of theological truth claims? How can the Ignatian imperative to see God in all things translate into an obligation to promote justice in the world? What distinctive set of tools for advancing justice emerge from such an understanding?

Investigates the principle that God can be found in all things. How are we to envision God and the virtuous life in light of the theological and scriptural understandings of the prophets, Jesus and human existence from which that Catholic, Jesuit conviction springs? What differentiates a faith understanding from other academic, scientific and secular ways of thinking and drawing conclusions? How are we to assess the merits of theological truth claims? How can the Ignatian imperative to see God in all things translate into an obligation to promote justice in the world? What distinctive set of tools for advancing justice emerge from such an understanding? As a Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Examines the origins of the Old Testament as a function of cultural memory and how the authors of the earliest biblical texts recalled pivotal events and personalities of their people's past in view of their present realities. Also examines how the authors interpreted those realities in view of their inscribed memories and how collective cognition contributed to the formation of a sacred library foundation to the Jewish and Christian religions.

Survey of the contents of the New Testament, its historical contexts and religious ideas. Includes analysis of selected texts from representative sections of the New Testament and discussion of their various theological visions of God, the human person and the people of God in interrelationship.

Understandings and uses of the Bible in the history of Christianity. Revelation, Faith, Tradition, Scripture.

Understandings and uses of the Bible in the history of Christianity. Revelation, Faith, Tradition, Scripture.

Trinity, Incarnation and Salvation in the history of Christian thought over a substantial portion of its range.

The study of prayer and mystical experience across a variety of historical and cultural contexts. Particular attention paid to the foundational writings of the patristic period, the later Byzantine period, and the medieval West, concluding with a study of selected writings from the post-Reformation period reflecting Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox approaches to prayer and mystical experience. Addresses questions concerning the definition and character of mystical experience, the interrelation of mystical and dogmatic theology, and the relative character and significance of mystical experience in the principal Christian traditions.

The study of prayer and mystical experience across a variety of historical and cultural contexts. Particular attention paid to the foundational writings of the patristic period, the later Byzantine period, and the medieval West, concluding with a study of selected writings from the post-Reformation period reflecting Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox approaches to prayer and mystical experience. Addresses questions concerning the definition and character of mystical experience, the interrelation of mystical and dogmatic theology, and the relative character and significance of mystical experience in the principal Christian traditions. As a Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

A study of the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius with an eye to discovering the spirituality found therein. Begins with the life of St. Ignatius of Loyola and ends with the famous Jesuit prayer, the Suscipe. Focuses on the introductory notes and the four weeks of the Spiritual Exercises and the special graces of each week. Topics found in the Spiritual Exercises include: the examen, finding God in all things, various methods of prayer and the discernment of spirits.

The quest for God in human and specifically religious experiences with a focus on Christian belief in God. Grounds for belief; revelation; the nature of God's relationship to the world including issues relevant to modern culture and science. The historical precedents and context for these issues. The dialogue with other religious and atheistic conceptions of ultimate reality. Implications of a community's understanding of God for its way of life.

Examination of the meaning and interconnections of some of the central themes in Christian theology (e.g. Jesus Christ, Trinity, Church, Sacraments, Sin and Grace, Revelation). The historical and communal context for understanding these. Implications of these for understanding what it means to be human. Specific topics to be included in the Schedule of Classes.

The Christian identity of God as a God of Love and Justice. The divine and personal call to the human person to a life of holiness, faith, the virtues, especially justice; the preferential option for the poor; the role of community in the moral and spiritual life of individuals and Christian communities as agents for social change.

The Christian identity of God as a God of Love and Justice. The divine and personal call to the human person to a life of holiness, faith, the virtues, especially justice; the preferential option for the poor; the role of community in the moral and spiritual life of individuals and Christian communities as agents for social change. As a Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Religious experience and beliefs concerning God, human beings and faith community as apprehended within a particular historically and culturally situated community or communities (e.g. African-American, Hispanic, Asian or European). Specific topics to be included in the Schedule of Classes.

Consider religion as a force that has produced both violent and nonviolent actions and movements. Analyze the concepts of peace, justice, pacifism and nonviolence in the thought of religious thinkers and activists including Gandhi and King. Explore sacred texts from a variety of world's religions and worldviews for the role they play in inspiring nonviolent responses to injustice and oppression.

Study of a portion of the Old Testament in depth and with a focus on critical reading skills, as well as central theological questions (God, individual, community). Specific textual content varies by term, with possible focus on the Pentateuch, Prophets and the other Writings.

Biblical evidence about the material needs of he people of ancient Israel/Judah. Biblical critiques of the misuses of material resources as acts of injustice. Calls to economic justice and care for the poor in the Old Testament, particularly in the prophetic and wisdom books, as well as the New Testament Gospels.

Introduces the world of martyrs and saints and their specific theological context. Raises the questions of religion and violence, religious tolerance and of personal commitment/identity. More than one time period or geographic area will be covered. Taught either from a Jewish, Christian or World Religions-Perspective.

Introduces the world of martyrs and saints and their specific theological context. Raises the questions of religion and violence, religious tolerance and of personal commitment/identity. More than one time period or geographic area will be covered. Taught either from a Jewish, Christian or World Religions-Perspective. As a Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Study of a portion of the New Testament in depth and with a focus on critical reading skills, as well as central theological questions (God, individual, church). Specific textual content varies by term, with possible focus on the synoptic gospels, the Johannine literature, or the Pauline letters.

An exploration of the reasons for the suppression of the miraculous in Western culture. Biblical representations of miracles with a special emphasis on the miracles of Jesus as a first step toward recovering a theology of wonder and healing. An examination of the viability of belief in miracles today and the use and misuse of miracles in contemporary theology, literature and film.

An exploration of the reasons for the suppression of the miraculous in Western culture. Biblical representations of miracles with a special emphasis on the miracles of Jesus as a first step toward recovering a theology of wonder and healing. An examination of the viability of belief in miracles today and the use and misuse of miracles in contemporary theology, literature and film. As a Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Consider the implicit metaphysical and theological worldviews found in the horror genre. Focus on depictions of good and evil as conflicting forces in human life, society, culture and the imagination. The wager of the course: horror fiction provides an unorthodox and unexpected opening to a deeply orthodox understanding of Christian theology.

A study of the life and work of C. S. Lewis which focuses on theological themes in select writings of C. S. Lewis, including his understanding of God, the human person, and the life of faith as a moral challenge. The readings also bring to light Lewis's notion of "the Tao," by which he brought Christianity into dialogue with other religions and with emerging western secularism.

A study of the life and work of C. S. Lewis which focuses on theological themes in select writings of C. S. Lewis, including his understanding of God, the human person, and the life of faith as a moral challenge. The readings also bring to light Lewis's notion of "the Tao," by which he brought Christianity into dialogue with other religions and with emerging western secularism. As a Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Introduces the practice of theology as a way of knowing and engaging our world by exploring techniques and strategies to cultivate a transformed mode of perception that stirs us into action. Interweaving theory (René Girard, James Alison, Shawn Copeland, James Cone) and practice (silent contemplation), consider how the Christian theological tradition provides resources needed to address pressing social issues. Encourage students to consider how the practice of contemplation can lead to a theologically informed and transformed way of life.

Study of God, sex and violence through the claim of mimetic theory that human desire is imitative. Application of this theory to analyze and creatively reimagine major features of Christian faith and to perceive the world differently by utilizing the thought of Rene Girard and James Alison.

Studies the reasons for which this ecumenical council was called, the historical context in which it was celebrated from 1962 until 1965 and the meaning of this council's documents for Christian conceptions of God, the human community, the Church, the world, and the interaction of all of these.

Explores Bernard Lonergan’s approach to the interdisciplinary collaboration between theology, on the one hand, and philosophy, natural science and human science on the other. Attention given to the integration of knowledge made possible by his work. Specific applications are made to physics, depth psychology, cultural and social science, economics and other issues not covered by the other disciplines.

Focus on theology illustrated in visual art, mostly in the form of paintings and prints, studying how they can be read on different levels by identifying the subject matter and the theological message the artist is trying to convey. Consider how art reflects the experience of divine encounter and can mediate such encounters today.

Focuses on theology illustrated in visual art, mostly in the form of paintings and prints, studying how they can be read on different levels by identifying the subject matter and the theological message the artist is trying to convey. Considers how art reflects the experience of divine encounter and can mediate such encounters today. As a Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Examines a variety of Christian and Muslim experiences within the context of their engagement with each other. Explores of select individual contributions of Muslim and Christian scholars at formal dialogues as well as declarations, resolutions, publications and other jointly produced documents that resulted from these dialogues. Also examines the official teachings of these religions on their view of a religious "other" as well as the guidelines for inter-religious dialogue developed jointly by members of different faiths. Includes an experiential component: required site-visit to a place of worship as well as a series of "dialogue dinners".

Examine Sikh and Muslim experiences within the context of their engagement in dialogue with a religious other. Selected readings from Islamic and Sikh theology and history. Themes include descriptions of the divine, sacred texts, beliefs and practices regarding the religious other. Opportunities to meet and interact with practitioners of both religious traditions at local places of worship.

Examination of human labor in Christian thought and practice answering such questions as: Why do we work and what is the significance of our labor? Why is creativity an integral part of contemporary work. Is work more than a career? How does work express individuality as it creates community? What is the role of God or spirituality in the many workplaces of our lives?

Explore through reflection on students' life experiences the nature of forgiveness as a human action, its conditions, components and necessary linguistic and gestural expressions, especially in shared narrative, both as individuals and collectivities (e.g., nations, religions, ethnicities). Expands to the notion of forgiveness as transcendent, focusing on the role of divine and human forgiveness in religion, especially in Christian theologies and practice.

An examination of the development of Christian and specifically Catholic ethics since the conclusion of the Second Vatican Council in 1965. Themes addressed include: the acquisition of knowledge, making meaning, the role of language, communal memory, and the influence of technology in relation to the vocation of the human person in addition to an investigation of distinct theories regarding the formation of moral judgments and responsibility, the cultivation of virtue, Catholic social teaching, and bioethics. Attention given to theology’s approach to a range of issues treated differently by other disciplines.

Examines racism, ethnic tension and theology from the perspective of "white privilege" and African American experience in American Christianity. Reflects on the intersection of these areas to discover, on the other hand, to discern how specific theological notions contribute positively or negatively to our understanding of race, ethnic tension and social justice.

Introduction to Latin American theology through a study of theological themes such as Christology, the problem of suffering, Christian ecology, martyrdom etc. from the particular perspective of Latin America and the writings of various Latin American theologians chosen to present a particular focus within Latin American theology: Gutiérrez and the problem of suffering, Sobrino and the principle of mercy, Boff and The Good of Creation, Martyrdom in Latin America, etc.

Introduction to Latin American theology through a study of theological themes such as Christology, the problem of suffering, Christian ecology, martyrdom etc. from the particular perspective of Latin America and the writings of various Latin American theologians chosen to present a particular focus within Latin American theology: Gutiérrez and the problem of suffering, Sobrino and the principle of mercy, Boff and The Good of Creation, Martyrdom in Latin America, etc. As a Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Explores classical systematic or dogmatic themes in Christian Theology such as Christology, ecclesiology, the problem of suffering, etc., from the perspective of the liberating theology of Latin America. Presentation of contextual theology illustrated by a study of the major authors of Latin American theology from their unique perspectives, e.g., the pastoral liberation theology of Gustavo Gutiérrez and the Christology of Jon Sobrino. Includes study of the martyrs of El Salvador.

Study of the moral and social justice issues presented by the phenomenon of globalization understood as the economic, political and cultural interdependence of nations and persons worldwide, with attention to the widening gap between the rich and the poor, preference of material goods over human beings manifest in exploitation and depersonalization of migrant workers, environmental degradation and increasing global insecurity. Contribution of Christian theological anthropology and Christian social teaching to assess the dynamics of globalization and to achieve the integral development of human life in its vital, social, cultural, personal and religious dimensions.

Study of the historical and communal contexts and the theological ethics of challenges to global health such as health inequalities, poverty, social determinants of health, HIV/Aids and epidemic outbreaks. In dialogue with liberation theology “from below,” i.e., from the perspective of those who are poor, a study of central themes in Christian theology (e.g. Jesus Christ, Trinity, Church, Sacraments, Sin and Grace, Revelation), and their contribution to the promotion of global health. Health considered as a human right needed for human flourishing.

Explores contemporary Christian theology through the lens of women's experiences from around the world (e.g., Scripture, theological anthropology, spirituality, social justice issues, etc.). Readings include texts written by “First World” (including the voices of African-American, Asian-American, and Latina women) and “Third World” women theologians.

Explores contemporary Christian theology through the lens of women's experiences from around the world (e.g., Scripture, theological anthropology, spirituality, social justice issues, etc.). Readings include texts written by “First World” (including the voices of African-American, Asian-American, and Latina women) and “Third World” women theologians. As a Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Provides skills for theological evaluation of economic theories and practices, particularly as they bear on the rise and ascendancy of the global market. Divided into three sections: 1) A history of economic thought traced from Adam Smith to John Maynard Keynes, with particular attention to their moral theory, underlying philosophy and its relationship to theology; 2) The tradition of economic thought within Christian theology, as a traced drawing on Scripture, tradition and Catholic social teaching; and 3) Contemporary theologians will be examined, who relate the Christian tradition to various economic theories and practices.

Provides skills for theological evaluation of economic theories and practices, particularly as they bear on the rise and ascendancy of the global market. Divided into three sections: 1) A history of economic thought traced from Adam Smith to John Maynard Keynes, with particular attention to their moral theory, underlying philosophy and its relationship to theology; 2) The tradition of economic thought within Christian theology, as a traced drawing on Scripture, tradition and Catholic social teaching; and 3) Contemporary theologians will be examined, who relate the Christian tradition to various economic theories and practices. As a Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Study of how the appropriation of Christian doctrine across cultures gives rise to diverse Christian theologies, particularly between the global south and the global north. How the law of the cross seeks through Christian charity to engage other cultures, social systems and theologies to create a just social system and inclusive theologies open to religious and socio-cultural pluralism.

Provides intentional experience of pastoral service and leadership in a ministry-related setting. Students apply theological concepts and skills learned in the classroom by integrating praxis at an approved site and developing competencies in pastoral theology and ministry. Requires a commitment of a minimum of 10 hours per week at internship site and completion of a seminar. Student must have declared a major or a minor in Theology, completed at least three courses (9 crs.) in Theology and have a minimum 3.00 cumulative GPA. Student must complete an application detailing extracurricular experience and including an essay. S/U grade assessment. Limited enrollment capacity.

An exploration of the uses and abuses of archeology relative to the field of biblical studies. Case studies in a historical approach to the intersection of archeology and biblical theology.

An exploration of the uses and abuses of archeology relative to the field of biblical studies. Case studies in a historical approach to the intersection of archeology and biblical theology. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Introduction to Biblical Hebrew. Emphasis is placed on grammar, verb syntax and vocabulary acquisition.

An introduction to the Greek of the Hellenistic era, including the New Testament. Emphasis on grammar, syntax, vocabulary acquisition and historical context and theology.

The uses of the Bible in Jewish life and practice, in synagogue and in private use. Haggadah and Halakah.

Status and roles of women in selected biblical texts. Social and historical background with emphasis on narrative technique and theological themes.

Status and roles of women in selected biblical texts. Social and historical background with emphasis on narrative technique and theological themes. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Survey the historical impact of religious belief and institutions on the intellectual, cultural and public life of the United States.

Significant topics in Old Testament, Intertestamental or New Testament literature.

Significant topics in Old Testament, Intertestamental or New Testament literature. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Basic theological questions and developments during the era of the Church Fathers.

Basic theological questions and developments during the era of the Church Fathers. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

The Christian East from its origins, through the conversion of Constantine, to the present-day Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches. Particular attention to the distinctive theological emphases of the East, as well as to the developments leading to the break in communion between Catholic (and Protestant) West and Orthodox East.

A study of Augustine's life, writings and thought, with special attention to the Confessions, to his theology of the church and the sacraments, and to his teaching on grace and predestination, against the background of his early philosophical writings.

A study of Augustine's life, writings and thought, with special attention to the Confessions, to his theology of the church and the sacraments, and to his teaching on grace and predestination, against the background of his early philosophical writings. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Basic theological questions and developments during the Middle Ages, from the Carolingians to the fourteenth century.

Basic theological questions and developments during the Middle Ages, from the Carolingians to the fourteenth century. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Basic theological questions and developments during the late Middle Ages and early Reformation. Current ecumenical issues also addressed.

Basic theological questions and developments during the late Middle Ages and early Reformation. Current ecumenical issues also addressed. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

The thought and world of Luther, with emphasis on Luther in his Catholic context; Luther and the Bible, Augustine, the Radicals, the Pope; Luther's theology of faith and freedom; contextual, theological and ethical.

Basic theological questions and developments from Puritanism to the present.

Investigates the development of diverse manifestations of U.S. Catholic life and thought. Explores how historical and contemporary experiences, including slavery, migration, sexism and other forms of historical exclusion, contribute to the shaping of theologies and practices that are uniquely American and distinctly Catholic.

Significant figures and themes in the history of religious thought, examined in their historical context and contemporary significance. Topics and periods vary.

Origins and varieties of contemporary atheism. The existence of God and Christian theistic interpretations.

Origins and varieties of contemporary atheism. The existence of God and Christian theistic interpretations. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Study of the distinct mission and person of the Holy Spirit in the Trinitarian work of human salvation. Analysis of biblical, patristic, and conciliar sources; attention to modern theology and the role of experience.

The identity of Jesus Christ and the nature of Christian salvation as attested to in the New Testament and Christian tradition. Historical Jesus and diversity of christologies in the New Testament. Humanity and divinity of Christ. The saving significance of Christ's life, death and resurrection.

The Church in light of the documents, events, and charism of Vatican II. Contemporary understandings of the Church and its mission in the modern world. Special attention to post-conciliar "communion ecclesiology" and the relation of the local to the universal Church.

The Church in light of the documents, events, and charism of Vatican II. Contemporary understandings of the Church and its mission in the modern world. Special attention to post-conciliar "communion ecclesiology" and the relation of the local to the universal Church. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Theological overview of the major sacramental enactments of the church's life in Christ. The witness of Scripture and Tradition, including the liturgy itself. Ethical and ecumenical dimensions.

Theological overview of the major sacramental enactments of the church's life in Christ. The witness of Scripture and Tradition, including the liturgy itself. Ethical and ecumenical dimensions. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Biblical origins and historical evolution of the Eucharist in light of contemporary theology and ritual theory, with special focus on the Roman Rite Catholic post-Vatican II celebration.

Major perspectives within the broad spectrum of Protestantism. Examination of the thought of several Protestant theologians. A survey of the unity and diversity of several Protestant denominations and their respective forms of worship.

Significant movements and/or major figures in contemporary systematic theology. Their historical antecedents and cultural context. Specific topics to be specified in the Schedule of Classes.

Classic and recent Christian understandings of justice as interpersonal and societal right-relations. Justice as constitutive aspect of the Gospel; love and justice; Christian responsibility in the face of injustice. Further issues, e.g. sexual and gender ethics, political and economic issues.

Classic and recent Christian understandings of justice as interpersonal and societal right-relations. Justice as constitutive aspect of the Gospel; love and justice; Christian responsibility in the face of injustice. Further issues, e.g. sexual and gender ethics, political and economic issues. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

The reception of the Christian gospel in diverse cultures throughout the world. The challenge of inculturation and the requirements of the unity of Christian faith. The meaning of mission and evangelization outside the West. The encounter with indigenous religions.

The reception of the Christian gospel in diverse cultures throughout the world. The challenge of inculturation and the requirements of the unity of Christian faith. The meaning of mission and evangelization outside the West. The encounter with indigenous religions. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

The interaction of family, church, and society. Contemporary family patterns, their strengths and stresses; the teachings, reflection, and pastoral responses of the Church concerning marriage and family. Ecclesial and societal implications of family as "domestic church."

Theological analysis of the historical relationship between religion and the natural sciences; exploration of models for relating the two disciplines today; reflection on the theological implications of contemporary scientific discoveries and theories.

Theological analysis of the historical relationship between religion and the natural sciences; exploration of models for relating the two disciplines today; reflection on the theological implications of contemporary scientific discoveries and theories. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

Exploration of religious foundations for ecological ethics, with a focus on the Catholic tradition and social teachings; application to contemporary ecological problems.

Health care practices under moral assessment from within the Christian tradition. Controversial topics facing medicine (issues of the beginning and end of life, assisted reproduction, etc.) as related to Christian moral principles.

Recognition of the distinctiveness of theology and the natural sciences, discernment of how these disciplines can be constructively interfaced to address issues at their boundaries, logical reasoning from scientifically-informed, faith-based perspectives to moral behavior applied to specific issues, and demonstration of ability in writing to interrelate religion, science and ethics cogently and persuasively.

Selected issues in contemporary moral life; selected themes from classical and contemporary writings in moral theology and Christian ethics. Topics vary, as specified in the Schedule of Classes.

Global pluralism of religions considered from perspectives of Christian faith. Methods and case studies of theological dialogue with particular religious traditions, e.g. Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism.

An overview of the major religious traditions of the world: Hinduism, Buddhism, religions of China and Japan, Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

Meaning of Jewish history. Philosophical and social understanding of the Jewish experience. Ruling ideas, myths, symbols, and rites. Partially funded by the Jewish Chautauqua Society.

Major trends of Islamic religious thought, practice, and worship. Readings from the Qur'an and other Islamic writings. Historical approach. Current issues and developments. Islam in the West.

Religious experience, cultic act, religious organization, theological formulation, as illustrated by two religions of India, Hinduism and Buddhism. Yoga as spiritual discipline. Historical approach. Readings from sacred writings.

Faculty-supervised, independent study/research of a specific area or topic in Theology.

Exploration of a theological topic involving issues of theological method and interrelatedness of the subdisciplines of biblical, historical, systematic and moral theology. Colloquium paper demonstrating critical analysis in a specific field.

Introductory thesis guidance for approved students under the direction of a departmental adviser. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

An exploration of the uses and abuses of archeology relative to the field of biblical studies. Case studies in a historical approach to the intersection of archeology and biblical theology.

The uses of the Bible in Jewish life and practice, in synagogue and in private use. Haggadah and Halakah.

Status and roles of women in selected biblical texts. Social and historical background with emphasis on narrative technique and theological themes.

Significant topics in Old Testament, Intertestamental or New Testament literature.

Basic theological questions and developments during the era of the Church Fathers.

The Christian East from its origins, through the conversion of Constantine, to the present-day Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches. Particular attention to the distinctive theological emphases of the East, as well as to the developments leading to the break in communion between Catholic (and Protestant) West and Orthodox East.

A study of Augustine's life, writings and thought, with special attention to the Confessions, to his theology of the church and the sacraments, and to his teaching on grace and predestination, against the background of his early philosophical writings.

Basic theological questions and developments during the Middle Ages, from the Carolingians to the 14th century.

Basic theological questions and developments during the late Middle Ages and early Reformation. Also addresses current ecumenical issues.

The thought and world of Luther, with emphasis on Luther in his Catholic context; Luther and the Bible, Augustine, the Radicals, the Pope; Luther's theology of faith and freedom; contextual, theological and ethical.

Basic theological questions and developments from Puritanism to the present.

Investigates the development of diverse manifestations of U.S. Catholic life and thought. Explores how historical and contemporary experiences, including slavery, migration, sexism and other forms of historical exclusion, contribute to the shaping of theologies and practices that are uniquely American and distinctly Catholic.

Significant figures and themes in the history of religious thought, examined in their historical context and contemporary significance. Topics and periods vary.

Origins and varieties of contemporary atheism. The existence of God and Christian theistic interpretations.

Study of the distinct mission and person of the Holy Spirit in the Trinitarian work of human salvation. Analysis of biblical, patristic, and conciliar sources; attention to modern theology and the role of experience.

The identity of Jesus Christ and the nature of Christian salvation as attested to in the New Testament and Christian tradition. Historical Jesus and diversity of christologies in the New Testament. Humanity and divinity of Christ. The saving significance of Christ's life, death and resurrection.

The Church in light of the documents, events, and charism of Vatican II. Contemporary understandings of the Church and its mission in the modern world. Special attention to post-conciliar "communion ecclesiology" and the relation of the local to the universal Church.

Theological overview of the major sacramental enactments of the church's life in Christ. The witness of Scripture and Tradition, including the liturgy itself. Ethical and ecumenical dimensions.

Biblical origins and historical evolution of the Eucharist in light of contemporary theology and ritual theory, with special focus on the Roman Rite Catholic post-Vatican II celebration.

Major perspectives within the broad spectrum of Protestantism. Examination of the thought of several Protestant theologians. A survey of the unity and diversity of several Protestant denominations and their respective forms of worship.

Significant movements and/or major figures in contemporary systematic theology. Their historical antecedents and cultural context. Specific topics to be specified in the Schedule of Classes.

Classic and recent Christian understandings of justice as interpersonal and societal right-relations. Justice as constitutive aspect of the Gospel; love and justice; Christian responsibility in the face of injustice. Further issues, e.g. sexual and gender ethics, political and economic issues.

The reception of the Christian gospel in diverse cultures throughout the world. The challenge of inculturation and the requirements of the unity of Christian faith. The meaning of mission and evangelization outside the West. The encounter with indigenous religions.

The interaction of family, church, and society. Contemporary family patterns, their strengths and stresses; the teachings, reflection, and pastoral responses of the Church concerning marriage and family. Ecclesial and societal implications of family as "domestic church."

Theological analysis of the historical relationship between religion and the natural sciences; exploration of models for relating the two disciplines today; reflection on the theological implications of contemporary scientific discoveries and theories.

Exploration of religious foundations for ecological ethics, with a focus on the Catholic tradition and social teachings; application to contemporary ecological problems.

Health care practices under moral assessment from within the Christian tradition. Controversial topics facing medicine (issues of the beginning and end of life, assisted reproduction, etc.) as related to Christian moral principles.

Selected issues in contemporary moral life; selected themes from classical and contemporary writings in moral theology and Christian ethics. Topics vary, as specified in the Schedule of Classes.

An overview of the major religious traditions of the world: Hinduism, Buddhism, religions of China and Japan, Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

Meaning of Jewish history. Philosophical and social understanding of the Jewish experience. Ruling ideas, myths, symbols, and rites. Partially funded by the Jewish Chautauqua Society.

Major trends of Islamic religious thought, practice, and worship. Readings from the Qur'an and other Islamic writings. Historical approach. Current issues and developments. Islam in the West.

Religious experience, cultic act, religious organization, theological formulation, as illustrated by two religions of India, Hinduism and Buddhism. Yoga as spiritual discipline. Historical approach. Readings from sacred writings.

Explores the Old Testament / Hebrew Scriptures and New Testament as historical religious documents and as Scripture. Presents content and methods in Law and Former Prophets, Latter Prophets and Writings, Gospels and Acts, and Paul and Later New Testament. Examines the history of biblical interpretation and the impact of Scripture in the life of the Church and other communities of faith.

Introduction to the history, literature, and religion of ancient Israel. History and methods of interpretation.

Background, geography, text, language, versions, editions. Principal problems in individual books. Exegetical techniques. Hermeneutical principles.

Formation, structure, and styles of the four canonical Gospels. Topics to be studied include: their sources, literary relationships, depictions of Jesus, role of the Church, discipleship, and suffering. Each Gospel will be studied in terms of the communities that produced them and their relationship to other texts. Exegesis of selected texts.

Explores the discipline of historical theology in a period spanning from the Apostolic Fathers to the Early Modern era. Surveys the articulation of Christian theology in this period through close study of selected theological figures, themes and developments. Examines the differences between Greek East and Latin West and issues surrounding the Reformation while attending to the social, historical and philosophical contexts in which theological developments take place. Enhances abilities to evaluate and communicate theological principles through careful examination of primary texts.

A brief introduction to historiography and historical method with a more focused introduction to major theological issues and debates (e.g., scripture and tradition; trinity; Christology; grace and sacraments; faith and reason; church and state) and to some of the key contributions of major eastern and western theologians (e.g., Origen, Augustine, Pseudo-Dionysius, John of Damascus, Anselm, Abelard, Gregory Palamas, Aquinas, Bonaventure, Scotus).

A basic introduction to theological developments from 1350 to the end of the Enlightenment (1800). Examines major theological movements and the thought of major thinkers (e.g., Ockham, Biel, Erasmus, Luther, Calvin, Bellarmine, Bossuet, Pascal, Spener, Edwards, Lessing, Kant) within their social, historical, and philosophical contexts.

Relation of systematic theology to faith, revelation (the Bible, Church creeds and doctrines), and the Church. The role of biblical exegesis, historical scholarship, philosophy, natural and human sciences in systematic theology. Derivation of various categories, subdivisions, and methods of systematic theology. The challenges and prospects of interconfessional and interreligious dialogue for systematic theology.

A historical and theological introduction to the formation and development of the Christian doctrines of the Trinity, Christology, and Pneumatology. Focuses on the interrelationships of these doctrines.

A historical and theological introduction to the Christian doctrines of Church, sacraments, and eschatology. Focuses on the interrelationships of these doctrines with one another and with those in Christian Doctrine 1.

Explores the theological foundations of and key concepts, texts and figures in the field of Christian spirituality. Focuses on the relationship between theory and practice in historical and contemporary contexts.

Systematic survey of the fundamental categories, concepts and norms used in moral theology to analyze human moral experience. The role of Scripture and tradition as foundational sources in moral theology. The church as the locus for Christian moral reflection. Pivotal issues in the historical development of moral theology. The relation of moral philosophy to moral theology. Required for master's core curriculum.

Explores the following principles of Catholic Social teaching: the dignity of persons in community and the common good; the duties of the state and the principle of subsidiarity; kinds of justice and their application in social, political and economic life; the relationship between labor and capital; Church-state relationships; war and peace; and environmental stewardship. The issues are traced through the documents of Vatican II and selected Apostolic Exhortations.

Faculty-supervised, independent study/research of a specific area or topic in Theology.

SNC/UNC grade assessment.

S/U grade assessment.

Introduction to Biblical Hebrew. Emphasis will be placed on grammar, verb syntax, and vocabulary acquisition.

Reading of selected narrative and poetic books. Advanced grammar.

Provides the student who already has a background in Biblical Hebrew with a survey of Aramaic dialects, ranging from Ancient Aramaic to Syriac. Includes biblical Aramaic and Qumran Aramaic. Emphasis on providing the student with the tools to use these dialects in other biblical courses.

Provides students with an understanding of the career realities of their discipline and to offer them the opportunity to discern their career values and how to obtain the skills and experiences that will match that valued career direction.

Detailed study of the first five books of the Old Testament. Exegesis of selected passages.

Key themes in the prophetic movement. Relation of the prophets to the cult, society, and history of ancient Israel.

A study of the literary, theological, and historical dimensions of the book of Psalms. Relationship between the psalms and cultic life.

Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings. The structure, sources, narrative technique, and theology of the Deuteronomistic corpus. Hebrew text used.

Study of the place of Wisdom Literature in the development of Hebrew thought. Exegesis of selected passages.

Study of the books of the Old Testament Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha. Other developments of the period. Exegesis of selected passages.

Jewish history, institutions, movements, and writings of this period, including Qumran, as they pertain to biblical studies. Jewish interpretation of scripture; midrash; haggadah and halakah; targums; Hellenistic influences on Judaism in Palestine and the diaspora; other related topics.

An investigation into some of the other books of the Hebrew Bible beyond Torah and Prophets. May include literary, theological, and historical elements of "The Five Scrolls," Daniel, Ezra-Nehemiah, I and II Chronicles.

Overview of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Qumran community. Covers major texts, contexts and interpretive issues in Qumran research, as well as their application to contemporary critical scholarship on the Hebrew Scriptures, the New Testament, early Judaism and early Christianity.

Specialized research on topics or problems within and/or related to the Old Testament writings.

An introduction to the Greek of the Hellenistic era, including the New Testament. Emphasis on grammar, syntax, vocabulary acquisition and historical context and theology.

Advanced grammar; readings in texts from 300 B.C. to 300 A.D. Emphasis on the language of the New Testament as reflective of continuity and change in Greek vocabulary, morphology, syntax, style, and the historical context and theology of these texts.

Introduction to various Graeco-Roman issues and movements which influenced the development of New Testament writings. Study of traditional religion, mystery cults, philosophical schools, astrology and magic, literary genres and tendencies, and other related topics.

Origin and development of prophetic and apocalyptic eschatology. The social and religious phenomenon of apocalypticism. The genre "apocalypse" in Jewish and early Christian tradition.

Literary interrelationship of the four Gospels. Theories of Gospel priority and dependence. Development of oral and written traditions. Distinctive character of the Gospel form. Greek text used.

Formation, structure, and style of the Gospel of Matthew. Redactional and literary analysis of the Gospel to reconstruct the theology and the situation which produced it. Exegesis of selected passages. Greek text used.

Formation, structure, and style of the Gospel of Mark. Redactional and literary analysis of the Gospel to reconstruct the theology and the situation which produced it. Exegesis of selected passages. Greek text used.

Formation, structure, and style of Luke-Acts. Redactional and literary analysis of these two volumes to reconstruct the theology and the situation which produced them. Questions of Christian origins. Exegesis of selected passages. Greek text used.

Formation, structure, and style of the Gospel of John. Source, redaction, and literary analysis to reconstruct the stages of formation and their corresponding theologies. Relation of the Johannine letters to the Gospel. Exegesis of selected passages. Greek text used.

Background and purpose of this letter. Examination of important Pauline themes, issues, and methods of argumentation. Exegesis of selected passages. Greek text used.

Study of I and/or II Corinthians in the context of Paul's pastoral relationship to Corinth. Integrity, background and purpose of the letters. Examination of important themes, issues, and methods of argumentation. Exegesis of selected passages. Greek text used.

Study of one or more of the following letters: Galatians, Philippians, I and II Thessalonians, and Philemon. Background and purpose of these writings. Examination of important Pauline themes, issues, and methods of argumentation. Exegesis of selected passages. Greek text used.

Authorship, milieu, and purpose of these letters. Their relationship to one another and to other Pauline traditions. Review of critical issues and examination of theological themes and methods of argumentation. Exegesis of selected passages. Greek text used.

Study of one or more of the following New Testament texts: I and II Timothy; Titus; Hebrews; James; I and II Peter; I, II, and III John; Jude; and Revelation 1-3. Background, purpose, and theology of these writings. Exegesis of key passages. Relationship of these works to selected non-canonical writings. Greek text used.

Specialized research on topics or problems within and/or related to the New Testament writings. Greek text used.

The interpretation of the history of the Church and of doctrine as seen by ecclesiastical historians from Eusebius to Harnack; their characteristic approaches and concerns. Recent trends in historiography and historical theology.

A study of the development of Christian beliefs and doctrines in the patristic age. The following themes are treated: the authority of Scripture and tradition; Father, Word, Spirit, and the divine Triad; the person of Jesus the Christ; sin, redemption and grace; the Church and the sacraments.

Survey of Greek theology from Nicea (325 A.D.) to the fall of Constantinople (1453). Particular attention to the most important writers following the Council of Chalcedon, beginning with Dionysius Areopagita and concluding with Gregory Palamas and Nicholas Cabasilas. Focus on the abiding Greek preoccupation with salvation as deification and its contribution to the continuity of Eastern Christian thought.

A study of the development of Christian theology from Augustine to Thomas Aquinas. Includes the following themes: the character and method of theology after Augustine; monastic theology; the early Eucharistic controversies; reason, logic, and the origins of Scholasticism; 12th century humanism and theology; Scholasticism; and Thomism.

Theological pluralism of the 13th-15th centuries. Thomism and nominalism, mysticism and humanism, conciliarism, Augustinianism. Reform, questions of authority, faith, catholicity. Sixteenth century responses. Luther to Calvin, Muenster to Menno Simons, early Roman Catholic polemical theology to Trent.

A study of major developments in Christian life and thought in the 17th-19th centuries in Europe, with a focus on intellectual history. Jansenism and Cartesianism; the impact of Enlightenment thought. The Romantic revivals of theology in Schleiermacher and the Tubingen Schools. German Idealism and its debacle. Biblical criticism. Varieties of 19th century options in theology.

An analysis of developments in American theology from Puritanism to the present. Examines representative theologians of Puritanism, revivalism, enlightenment, progressive orthodoxy, social gospel, modernism, Americanism, and neo-orthodoxy within the context of American political and social movements. Themes considered: the church, grace, religious liberty, church and state, voluntaryism, person of Jesus, tradition, adaptation.

A study of the Christian writings of the 2nd century, especially Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, the Epistle of Barnabas, the Didache, the Greek apologists, and Irenaeus, with particular attention to their relation to the Old and New Testaments, the doctrine of the Logos, Church order, and the emerging understanding of orthodoxy and heresy.

Against the background of Clement's attempt to incorporate Greek modes of thought into Christianity, an extensive study of Origen as a biblical commentator and the first systematic theologian, with some consideration of the neoplatonic tradition in Christianity, Origen's influence on later theology, and the Origenist controversies.

Reading and study of some of the writings of Athanasius, Basil the Great, Gregory of Nazianzus, Gregory of Nyssa and others, with attention given to the Trinitarian controversies of the 4th century, the councils of Nicea and Constantinople, and the rise and fall of Arianism.

The Septuagint as the first Christian Bible; authority for religious truth in the Apostolic Fathers and the Apologists; evidence for the liturgical use of Christian writings; the apocryphal New Testament; the canon of four gospels; the collection of the Apostles' letters; lists of canonical books; the beginnings of exegesis; modern theological speculation on the canon.

An intensive study of Augustine's life, writings and thought. Topics include: the influence of neoplatonism on Augustine, the stages of his conversion, the implications of the Donatist controversy for his views on the Church and the sacraments, and the controversy with Pelagius on grace and predestination.

Proposes a reading of the classical "canon" of early monastic literature. Beginning with a few sessions devoted to sources, the course moves to the early Syrians, notably Aphrahat of Persia and Ephrem Syrus, and then to the better-known and enormously influential "Vita Antonii," the several "Vitae" of Pachomius, the "History of the Monks of Egypt," Basil the Great's "Longer and Shorter Rules," Gregory of Nyssa, Evagrius of Pontus, the "Macarian Homilies," such early 5th century works as Palladius of Hieropolis' "Lausiac History," John Casian's "Institutes" and "Conferences," Theodoret of Cyrrhus' "Historia religosa," and the "Sayings of the Desert Fathers." Concludes with an examination of Benedict of Nursia's "Life" (by Gregory the Great) and "Rule."

Survey of theology in monasteries and cathedral schools, from the Gregorian Reform to Alan of Lille, including; e.g., Anselm of Canterbury, Peter Abelard, Bernard of Clairvaux, the Victorines, Peter Lombard.

The critical reading of the texts of Aquinas in developmental sequence with emphasis on the character of the Summa theologiae.

Readings and study of both the academic and the mystical writings of Bonaventure, with special emphasis on the Breviloquium.

Medieval exegesis from the Carolingian renaissance to the 13th century, with special attention to the relationship between scripture commentaries and systematic theologies; the multiple senses of Scripture in theory and practice; authors include; e.g., Rupert of Deutz, Bernard of Clairvaux, the Victorines, Aquinas and his teachers.

Revival of Augustinian thought. Wyclif, Hus to Bradwardine. Via Gregorii. Commentaries on St. Augustine. Anti-Pelagianism and Donatism. Mediation of Augustinian thought to subsequent periods.

Hermeneutical developments from the Victorines. Sources and methods for interpreting historical exegesis. Humanist work on Scripture. The place of the Bible in theology. Luther as doctor of Scripture. Trent and Bible study.

Biography and developments of his thought. Study of Scripture and the classics. Commentaries on Scripture. Philosophia Christi. Changing attitudes toward Erasmus.

Developments of Luther's thought in relation to medieval theology. Influence of nominalism and mysticism on Luther. Origins of his hermeneutic and doctrine of justification. Importance of his theology of reformation, law/gospel, and man.

Biography and development of his major writings. Systematic construction of the Institutes of the Christian Religion. Calvin on Scripture, sanctification and predestination, and early results in Calvinism.

The positive contribution of Trent to the history of Christian thought. The "medieval" and "modern" character of the council. Trent's understanding of the reformers, and the question of "Counter-Reformation." Trent's position on Scripture and tradition, and its justification.

Important theological developments, including movements and thinkers, in both the Catholic and Protestant traditions, in both Europe and America from the beginning of the Modern Era. Possible movements to be covered in this order: Deism, Rational Supernaturalism, Pietism, Romanticism, Speculative Idealism, French Catholic Thought (Traditionalism, Fideism), Oxford Movement, Tubingen School, Protestant Liberalism, Biblical Criticism and Darwinism, Ultramontanism and Neo-Thomism, Roman Catholic Thought and Modernism, Existentialism, and Atheism. Possible figures covered: Herbert of Cherbury, Tillotson, Locke, Toland, Tindal, Voltaire, Wolff, Semler, Reimarus, Lessing, Rousseau, Butler, Hume, Kant, Jacobi, Hamann, Herder, Coleridge, Schleiermacher, Busnell, Hegel, F. C. Baur, Biedermann, John and Edward Caird, Chateaubriand, Maistre, Lamennais, Bautain, Keble, Newman, Williams, Pusey, Drey, Mohler, Strauss, Feuerbach, Marx, Williams, Goodwin, Jowett, Darwin, Moore, Hodge, Abbott, Ritschl, Herrmann, Harnack, Rauschenbusch, Hodge, Warfield, Leo XIII, Mercier, Garrigou-Lagrange, Olle-Laprune, Blondel, Laberthonniere, Loisy, Le Roy, Tyrrell, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche. Not all significant movements and thinkers are covered in one term.

A close reading of the most important theological works of F.D.E. Schleiermacher (1768-1834), the "father of modern theology," with a view to understanding the basic concepts and historical development of Schleiermacher's thought within the context of post-Enlightenment European philosophical-theological ideas and movements.

Covers the historical journey of the Christian church as it began and developed through its leading images/symbols/models.

Modernist controversies as the explosion of tensions long building between liberalism and orthodoxy, immanentist and extrinsecist religious thought, and tradition and critical history before and after 1900. An interpretation of the episodes in Roman Catholic theology (concerning Loisy, Blondel, von Hugel, Tyrrell) that formed the backdrop to the generation of Vatican II.

Examines Edwards' major theological works and analyzes his chief contributions to American theology. Particular focus on Edwards' understanding of God, original sin, the atonement, freedom, religious experience, true virtue, providence, and the millennium.

Examines how the Enlightenment influenced Christian thought in the United States between 1700 and 1830, paying special attention to the issues raised by critical reason relative to the understanding of revelation, Christ, the supernatural, church and state, and Christians; e.g., the Unitarian W.E. Channing, the Princetonian Presbyterian C. Hodge, and the Catholic J. England.

Examines representative American Protestant and Catholic theologies that were most directly influenced by Romanticism; e.g., the Transcendentalism of R. W. Emerson and T. Parker, the Progressive Orthodoxy of H. Bushnell, the Mercersbury Theology of W. Nevin and P. Schaff, the Ontologism and moderate traditionalism of O. Brownson and I. Hecker, the Confessionalism of C. P. Krauth. Concentration upon the roles these theologians assigned to revelation, divine immanence in history, church and society, religious intuition, ecclesiastical and confessional authority.

A historical examination of the theologies of American Catholics from John Carroll to John Courtney Murray. Analysis of major pastoral and systematic theologians (e.g., John England, Francis P. Kenrick, Orestes Brownson, Isaac Hecker, John Ireland, John A. Ryan, Gustave Weigel) within the context of American and European theological developments. Examination of American Catholic perceptions of Christology, grace, ecclesiology, church-state relations, social thought, the Bible, and modern sciences with a focus upon the relationship of religion and republicanism.

Examinations of the social thought of representative American Protestants and Catholics of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, concentrating upon the various perceptions of Christianity's relationship to the social and economic problems of the day. Analysis of the works of Washington Gladden, Richard Ely, Josiah Strong, Walter Rauschenbusch, Edward McGlynn, John A. Ryan, Paul H. Furfey, Dorothy Day, and Virgil Michel.

Intended to be primarily a close reading of (Pseudo-) Dionysius the Aeropagite (ca. 500), whose small corpus of works profoundly influenced subsequent Christian thought. Analyzes his background, his treatises and "epistles," noting his sources and parallels in preceding and contemporary Christian, pagan Neoplatonist, and Jewish mystical literature. Also traces out the Dionysian "trajectory" in selected later Eastern Christian writers.

Examines Symeon the New Theologian (949-1022), the most striking and attractive of the Byzantine spiritual writers, who too often is treated somewhat in isolation from the sources and currents which feed him. Begins with 5th century writers such as Diadochus of Photiki and Mark the Monk, runs through Dionysius, Maximus, and John of the Ladder in the 6th-7th centuries (possibly including the "Gaza School" and Palestinian monasticism), and continues through Symeon, to the Hesychasts of the 14th and 15th centuries, notably Gregory of Sinai and Gregory Palamas.

A survey of Christian literature primarily from East of the Adriatic (at least as presently constituted), dealing with asceticism and the "visio Dei." Begins with Old Testament materials, looks at intertestamental literature including the Qumran Scrolls, and trajectories extending from the Second Temple to Rabbinic-era, Jewish mystical texts. Then moves to the New Testament, with special attention to Paul and Luke-Acts, and continues through the early martyrologies and New Testament apocrypha, in particular the apocryphal acts of the Apostles, and early Manichean materials. Concludes with the Alexandrians, Clement and Origen, and possibly Methodius of Olympus at the turn of the 4th century.

Focuses on the historical development of Roman Catholic theology from the Enlightenment to the present. Treats movements such as French Romanticism, Gallicanism, Ultramontanism, Newmanism, Modernism, New Theology and Transcendental Thomism, Vatican II and post-Vatican II developments. Treats the thought of selected Roman Catholic theologians. In the 19th century: French theologians Chateaubriand, de Maistre, Lamennais, Bautain; the Tubingen theologians (e.g., Drey, Mohler); Newman and the Oxford Movement; the New Apologetics (e.g., Blondel, Laberthonniere); the "Modernists" (e.g., Loisy, Tyrrell). In the 20th century: New Theology and Transcendental Thomism (e.g., Rousselot, Marechal, de Lubac, Karl Rahner, Lonergan, Schillebeeckx); Liturgical Movement (e.g., Jungmann, Casel, Dix); Vatican II and Aggiornamento (e.g., Congar, Kung, Courtney Murray, Balthasar, Ratzinger); Political and Liberation Theologies (e.g., Metz, Gutierrez, Segundo, Leonard Boff); Feminist Theology (e.g., Schussler Fiorenza, Radford Ruether, Pilar Aquino).

Possible schools/movements and figures to be covered: Eschatological school (J. Weiss, Schweitzer), Religionsgeschichtliche Schule (Troeltsch), American Empiricism and Naturalism (William James, D.C. Macinosh, Dewey, Wieman), Dialectical Theology (Barth, Brunner, Gogarten, Bonhoeffer), Christian Existentialism (Marcel, Tillich, Bultmann), Christian Realism (H.R. Niebuhr, Reinhold Niebuhr), the Nouvelle Theologie and Transcendental Thomism (Rousselot, Marechal, de Lubac, K. Rahner, Lonergan, Schillebeeckx), Vatican II and renewed Roman Catholic Theology (Congar, John XXIII, Kung, John Courtney Murray, Balthasar, Ratzinger), Political Theology and Liberation Theologies (Metz, Moltmann, Gutierrez, Segundo, L. Boff, Sobrino). Not all of these movements and figures are covered in one term.

Overview of Syriac Christianity and theology. Surveys the origins and development of Christianity in Mesopotamia and Syria through the 7th century. Examines individuals and groups identified with the linguistic, liturgical and cultural traditions of the Syriac language. Analyzes significant figures and literary and theological works in their historical and cultural contexts. Develops critical and analytic skills for reading primary and secondary sources.

Examines the relations between Western and Eastern Christian traditions with a focus on the period between the Byzantine recapture of Constantinople from the Latins (1261) down to the Antiochian schism of 1724.

Specialized research in one area or problem in the history of Christian thought. Specific topic(s) announced.

Different concepts of anthropology today. The central interest in anthropology in different fields, including philosophy and theology, in the last 50 years. The relationship between anthropology, theology, Christology. Human existence according to the Old and New Testaments. The realities of history, world, and freedom as related to meaning in human existence.

Exploration of the basic theistic and atheistic options regarding the ultimate meaning and value of human life. Socio-cultural and religious roots of these options. Criteria of truth for determining validity. Examination of representative writings, classical and modern, which discuss these options.

Nineteenth and 20th century roots (philosophical, social, and religious) of present understandings of God. Classical and contemporary discussion of the nature and validity of theistic language.

Analysis of the structure of religious experience and related phenomena as explored through a variety of perspectives, such as philosophy, sociology, psychology, and theology. The nature and function of religion in human life in relation to the individual and social development of the human person.

Nineteenth century hermeneutical discussion. Contemporary hermeneutical inquiries and their methodological implications for theology. Phenomenology and hermeneutical theory. Bultmannian and post-Bultmannian developments. Hermeneutics and the critique of ideologies. Points of contact between hermeneutics and linguistic analysis.

Critical examination of philosophical texts which have played an important role in framing theological questions and discussions; of representative theological texts for how philosophical issues and presuppositions bear on their interpretation; of representative accounts (historical and contemporary) of the relationship between theology and philosophy.

Historical and systematic presentation of the doctrine of the Trinity. The development of this doctrine in early Christian history. The notions of substance, person, procession, relation, and communion as they occur in patristic tradition and in later Scholastic theology. Other approaches to this doctrine in the light of contemporary philosophy and theology. Role of this doctrine in contemporary Christian experience.

Historical and systematic presentation of the doctrine of the Incarnation. Christ, the Mediator between God and humanity, as the fullness of all revelation. Christology in the New Testament. The development of the doctrine of the Incarnation in the Christian church with special attention given to the councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon, Scholastic theology, and contemporary approaches to the mystery of Jesus.

Specific redemptive function of Jesus Christ and then of the Christian community, the sacraments and the world in which one lives. Grace and human development. Salvation as a personal and societal reality; redemption of the social order. Salvation of the nonbeliever, in particular the relationship between salvation and revelation.

Biblical understanding of the Christian community. Development of the institutional church through history. Current theological models of the church. Current discussion of the mission, functions, and structures of the church in the world today. The relation of the Christian churches to one another.

A systematic study of the Church at prayer in Trinitarian and ecumenical perspectives. The Church's faith in God's saving action through its own ritual self-offering seen in light of human sciences, phenomenology and Christian doctrine. Liturgy examined as symbolic communication, as actualization of Christian community, and in its relationship to the rest of Christian life and theology.

Analysis of Biblical and historical forms of Christian eschatology. Comparison of Christian perspectives with cyclic approaches to history and apocalyptic approaches to the end of history. The centrality of eternal life to the Christian message of the Kingdom of God. Resurrection as the principal locus of Christian expectations.

Intensive examination of the writings of a thinker who has had a significant impact on theology within the last hundred years. Focuses on the primary texts of a particular theologian or school of thought. Also assesses their contribution to theology and the life of the Church and examines critical evaluations.

Analysis and evaluation of important contemporary Protestant systematic theologians in terms of a single theme or related set of themes to be chosen by the instructor.

Analysis and evaluation of important contemporary Roman Catholic systematic theologians in terms of a single theme or related set of themes to be chosen by the instructor.

Exploration of methodological interrelations between theology and other academic disciplines in terms of a single theme or related set of themes to be chosen by the instructor.

Study of major texts of Bernard Lonergan. Themes vary: grace, Trinity, Christology, method. Also considers developments by other authors.

Intensive examination of major themes and texts in Karl Rahner's writings. Focuses on the primary texts, assesses their contribution to theology and the life of the Church and examines critical evaluations.

An examination of Karl Barth's major texts, primarily, but not exclusively, his Church Dogmatics. Themes may include his Christology, method, moral theology and/or political theology. An examination of his relation to those who came before him, those against whom he reacted, as well as those who developed his thought in the 20th and 21st century.

A study of the theological movement of the 20th century known as "la nouvelle théologie" or "ressourcement" that reacted to neo-scholasticism and sought to reunify theology through a reappropriation of the sources - the liturgy, Scriptures, and the Early Church Fathers. Representative figures include Henri de Lubac, Jean Daniélou, Henri Bouillard, Yves Congar, Louis Bouyer, Marie-Dominique Chenu, and Hans Urs von Balthasar.

An examination of the biblical, historical and systematic aspects of pneumatology. Attention given to the Holy Spirit and the doctrine of the Trinity with consideration of the ecumenical implications of the Filioque, the Spirit in creation and redemption, the mission of the Holy Spirit relative to that of the Son, and the importance of pneumatology for the entire spectrum of Christian doctrine.

An examination of the doctrine of grace in its historical developments and in contemporary systematic theology. Attention given to the following: nature and grace, distinctions in the types and modalities of grace, grace and human freedom/predestination, justification and sanctification, grace in the church and the world. Also includes consideration of ecumenical convergences and/or divergences (Catholic and Protestant, Eastern and Western Churches).

A study of ecumenism, the efforts of the Christian churches to restore unity, ecumenical principles, the nature, goal and reception of dialogues, major Catholic encyclicals and directives on ecumenism, and significant recent ecumenical agreements between churches. An assessment of the points of ecumenical convergence and remaining differences on select doctrinal topics involving the Catholic Church.

A survey of the efforts made to advance Muslim-Christian relations. An examination of joint declarations issued by formal dialogues as well as select individual contributions of Muslim and Christian scholars. Primary attention to those dialogues sponsored by the sub-unit on Dialogue with Peoples of Living Faiths of the World Council of Churches, and the Pontifical Council of Interreligious Dialogue. Includes dialogues co-sponsored and/or organized by Muslim organizations.

A historical and systematic study of the fundamentals of theology: faith, revelation, tradition, and Church. Attention given to: faith as the response to revelation, the connection between faith and reason, revelation as God's self-communication, the relationship between scripture and tradition, and the role of the magisterium in preserving and interpreting sacred scripture and tradition.

The interpretation and application of the gospel to a given cultural context in the light of Scripture and Tradition. Not identical with the normative reflections of social ethics nor assuming the narratives of liberation and political theology, public theology focuses on public issues for the sake of the churches and on Christian meanings for the sake of the public square and the common good.

Study of the major texts of Hans Urs von Balthasar, with special attention given to his trilogy. Possible themes include: Balthasar's elucidation of beauty as essential to theological discourse, Balthasar's efforts to reunite theology and spirituality through the fundamental connection between holiness and the theological enterprise, and Balthasar's Christological and Trinitarian theological method. A consideration of Balthasar's contribution to theology today.

An examination of the theology of Jürgen Moltmann, both in its development and in its major themes. An emphasis on the close connection between theology and practice in Moltmann and the way his work represents a specific understanding of the task of theology.

An introduction to the key components, characteristics, and features of Christian theologizing in Africa. Further studies other relevant aspects of African theology, including religion and politics, comparative and applied ethics, the places of other African religions (especially traditional religions), and the contributions of African Christianity to global Christianity.

An introduction to Christianity in the contemporary global context. Addresses the dynamism of Christianity’s ongoing expansion, commonalities and differences in its expression, and the impact of its disparate contexts and situations on the mutual influence between Christianity and its neighboring world religions and cultures.

Ways in which theology and the natural sciences (e.g., physics, biology, and geology) have been related historically provide the perspective from which to examine current efforts to reflect on God, the world and humanity in a scientific age. Basic scientific facts and established theories inform theological discourse, and scientists are consulted for more in-depth understanding. Methods for teaching constructive relationship of the disciplines are explored and demonstrated by students.

Specialized research in one area or problem in systematic theology. Specific topic(s) announced.

General outlines of the development and exposition of Catholic moral theology through an examination of historical studies of Christian Ethics written in the 20th century and of selected original texts. Moral teaching in early Christianity; development of systems of moral teaching; the history of casuistry; moral theology as a separate theological discipline; the understanding of the love commandment as found in different periods.

Study of selected writings of the Reformers on ethical subjects and of selected ethical writings from important Protestant schools of theology. Representatives of sectarian Protestant thought on ethical topics. Contemporary developments in Christian ethics found in the writings of outstanding Protestant thinkers in this century.

Social teaching of the Christian churches. A systematic treatment of issues such as the relation between love and justice. The teachings of the Christian churches on matters such as war and peace; the rights and duties of states and citizens; the rights, duties, and obligations of members of a family; the rights, duties, and obligations of parents with respect to their children.

Exploration of contemporary developments in methodological approaches to theological ethics. Particular attention to the theological nature of methodology as well as the interrelationship between other academic disciplines and the formation of method in theological ethics.

Exploration of theological perspectives on medicine. Particular attention to thinking on health care within the Catholic tradition, as well as developments across the Christian tradition. Emphasis on theological methodology as well as engagement with select ethical issues in medicine.

Analysis of how the human person's being a body directs our thinking in Christian theology. Human bodies as essential to what humans are, as both a possible limit on humans and an occasion of transcendence. The body as a source of thinking about persons and how they should act. The nature of sexual differentiation and of gender and implications for Christian anthropology and ethics. Human sexuality and its influence on individuals and communities.

A theological evaluation of economic theories and practices, particularly as they bear on the rise and ascendancy of the global market. Includes a history of economic thought with particular attention to moral theory. The tradition of economic thought within Christian theology.

A comprehensive examination of the engagement of Catholic faith with the public square. Detailed analysis of fundamental themes within the Catholic Social Teaching tradition through a study of the documents of the papal encyclical tradition, social thought originating from and upon the U.S. context, and the various interpretations of the Catholic Social Teaching tradition. Consideration of Catholic socio-ethical engagement with emerging concerns in public discourse.

An exploration of the ethical dimensions of liberationist theological reflection, addressing the contributions and challenges to Christian moral discourse, analysis, and reflection, which emerge from the theologies of liberation and their stance of solidarity with the victims of injustice. Attention given to both the commonality and diversity present in this theological movement. Consideration of the implications of the option for the poor for ethical reflection and action.

Provides an historical overview of theological discourse on technology, considers effects of current technologies (e.g., biotechnology, social communications, artificial intelligence, energy and transportation), addresses ethical principles pertaining to their research, development, deployment and use from the perspective of Catholic and other Christian traditions, and explores and demonstrates effective methods for teaching this interdisciplinary subject. May include the views of other world religions

Explores how the theological traditions of Christianity, Judaism and Islam recognize as moral problems the loss of biological diversity, degradation of ecological systems and threats to the biosphere caused by human actions. Critically examines contemporary theological efforts (e.g., reconstructionist and eco-feminist) to address these problems. Develops effective approaches to teaching at the undergraduate level. The traditions and perspectives of other world religions (e.g., Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism) may be included.

Covers a range of topics in contemporary reappropriations of virtue ethics, with brief historical background. Includes fundamental virtue theory (Aristotle, Aquinas, MacIntyre’s After Virtue); contemporary contributions to virtue approaches (e.g., biblical virtue ethics, virtue and limits to moral agency) and applied virtue ethics. Both Protestant and Catholic approaches are treated at length.

Explores the Christian understanding of the role of freedom in the moral life, paying particular attention to the role of sin in restricting freedom. Examines the theology of conscience and its primacy in theological ethics. Covers controversies emerging from the practical interaction of freedom, sin, and conscience, including the dangers of erroneous conscience, the prospects of collective conscience and the notion of social/structural sin.

Specialized research in one area or problem in moral theology. Specific topic(s)announced.

Specialized research in one area or problem in interdisciplinary studies. Specific topic(s) announced.

Explores effective means of teaching theology and religion in a liberal arts college setting. Addresses pedagogical techniques, learning styles, course design and assessment. Provides opportunities for new instructors to develop their communication and course management skills and to receive feedback from their students and faculty mentors. S/U grade assessment.

Faculty-supervised, independent study/research of a specific area or topic in Theology.

S/U grade assessment.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Designated as less than half-time status only, cannot be used in conjunction with other courses, and does not qualify students for financial aid or loan deferment.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Designated as full-time status. If a student is already registered in other courses full time, this continuation course is not needed.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Designated as full-time status. If a student is already registered in other courses full time, this continuation course is not needed.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Designated as full-time status. If a student is already registered in other courses full time, this continuation course is not needed.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of less than half-time status. Requires that the student is working less than 12 hours per week toward their master's comprehensive exam.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of half-time status. Requires that the student is working more than 12 to less than 20 hours per week toward their master's comprehensive exam. May be taken in conjunction with credit-bearing or other non-credit courses to result in the status indicated, as deemed appropriate by the department.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of full-time status. Requires that the student is working 20 hours or more per week toward their master's comprehensive exam. May be taken in conjunction with credit-bearing or other non-credit courses to result in the status indicated, as deemed appropriate by the department.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of less than half-time status. Requires that the student is working less than 12 hours per week toward their doctoral qualifying exam.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of half-time status. Requires that the student is working more than 12 to less than 20 hours per week toward their doctoral qualifying exam. May be taken in conjunction with credit-bearing or other non-credit courses to result in the status indicated, as deemed appropriate by the department.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of full-time status. Requires that the student is working 20 hours or more per week toward their doctoral qualifying exam. May be taken in conjunction with credit-bearing or other non-credit courses to result in the status indicated, as deemed appropriate by the department.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of less than half-time status. Requires that the student is working less than 12 hours per week on their professional project. Any professional project credits required for the degree should be completed before registering for non-credit Professional Project Continuation.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of half-time status. Requires that the student is working more than 12 to less than 20 hours per week on their professional project. Any project credits required for the degree should be completed before registering for non-credit Professional Project Continuation.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of full-time status. Requires that the student is working 20 hours or more per week on their professional project. Any professional project credits required for the degree should be completed before registering for non-credit Professional Project Continuation.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of less than half-time status. Requires that the student is working less than 12 hours per week on their master's thesis. All six thesis credits required for the degree should be completed before registering for non-credit Master's Thesis Continuation.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of half-time status. Requires that the student is working more than 12 to less than 20 hours per week on their master's thesis. All six thesis credits required for the degree should be completed before registering for non-credit Master's Thesis Continuation.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of full-time status. Requires that the student is working 20 hours or more per week on their master's thesis. All six thesis credits required for the degree should be completed before registering for non-credit Master's Thesis Continuation.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of less than half-time status. Requires that the student is working less than 12 hours per week on their doctoral dissertation. All 12 dissertation credits required for the degree should be completed before registering for non-credit Doctoral Dissertation Continuation.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of half-time status. Requires that the student is working more than 12 to less than 20 hours per week on their doctoral dissertation. All 12 dissertation credits required for the degree should be completed before registering for non-credit Doctoral Dissertation Continuation.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of full-time status. Requires that the student is working 20 hours or more per week on their doctoral dissertation. All 12 dissertation credits required for the degree should be completed before registering for non-credit Doctoral Dissertation Continuation.

Explores the concepts of peace and nonviolence in the history of Catholicism, other Christian churches and world religions. Examines the ideas and practices found in the Hebrew scriptures, the New Testament, Gandhi and Hinduism and Buddhism. Covers topics such as just war, pacifism, nonviolent resistance and their spiritual foundations. Taught in an international setting by Marquette professors and where students earn Marquette credit. Study Abroad expenses apply.