An interpretative survey of Western Civilization from its beginnings to the Early Modern period.

An interpretative survey of Western Civilization from the Early Modern period to the contemporary era.

Investigate the complex history of the United States from the colonial era to the present. Focus on key institutions and legal structures, as well as the diverse voices who have struggled to achieve democracy and equality for all citizens.

The United States from colonial origins through the Civil War era, with consideration of political, cultural, and economic institutions and ideas.

The United States from the Civil War era to the present, with consideration of political, cultural, and economic institutions and ideas.

Historical survey of painting, sculpture, architecture, and the minor arts representative of the main contributions of western civilization. Illustrated lectures and discussions: Prehistory, the Ancient Near East, Greco-Roman Antiquity through the Middle Ages. Does not count toward history major or minor.

Historical survey of painting, sculpture, architecture, and the minor arts representative of the main contributions of western civilization. Illustrated lectures and discussions: Renaissance and Modern, to the present. Does not count toward history major or minor.

Survey of Latin American history from pre-Columbian times to the present, emphasizing ancient to contemporary Native America, the human and environmental impacts of globalization, Afro-Latin America, and the mutual influence of Latin America and the United States in the nineteenth and twentieth century.

Survey major political, social and economic themes in Africa from ancient times to the present. Emphasizes cultural and historical events which have significantly influenced the development of African civilization, including interactions with the Western world from the period of European explorations.

Surveys major political, social and economic themes in Chinese, Korean and Japanese cultures from ancient times to the present. Emphasizes major cultural and historical events which have significantly influenced the development of Asian civilization and the skills and sources for doing Asian history.

Examines the difficult history of democracy and difference, by exploring diverse attempts to create a democratic society and consider how historic actors grappled with the differences, diversities and divisions among multiple groups of people. Students ask hard questions about what it means to belong to a democratic community, paying attention to which groups are included and which are left out, and examine whether history looks different if viewed from the margins rather than from the center. In the end, students ask what democracy demands of us.

Offers students a global perspective on the diversity of human history: the many ways that different peoples, societies and cultures have encountered one another. By examining the interactions between distinctive communities in specific times and places, students become familiar with parts of the past that are seemingly foreign and remote, and explore how they have shaped our turbulent world today.

Introduces students to the ways that historians examine, debate and present the past. Students learn the skills, habits of historical thinking and methodologies that inform the discipline. Each instructor presents the craft of “doing history” through a topic of their choice.

Offers a global perspective on the development of moral frameworks and explores the ethical dimensions of a series of challenging historical questions. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

The origins, structures and major themes in Early America. Focuses on the intersections of European, African and Native American worlds. Themes include colonization and decolonization, empire and revolution, slavery and resistance, religion and witchcraft, cross-cultural negotiation and conflict.

The development of an American nationality, international wars on the North American continent and in the West Indies, imperial reform, the Loyalist response, the causes and consequences of the War for Independence, the Articles of Confederation.

The reasons for the independence movement, the hopes and failures of the founding generation, the debates over the Constitution, the roots of an American empire, westward expansion, slavery, the rise of democracy, the formation of a distinctly American identity and culture, and the endless optimism of the young republic.

An examination of American history from 1831-1877, focusing on the political, social, economic and cultural differences between the North and the South. Includes discussions of the black experience during the Civil War era, of military events during the War itself and of the resolution or continuation of sectional tensions through Reconstruction.

United States history from the end of the Civil War to World War I, emphasizing America's shift from an agrarian country to an urban, industrial, and imperial nation.

The United States since 1900, emphasizing the Progressive Movement, the New Deal, the role of the United States in world affairs, and the role of the presidency and intelligence community.

The United States since 1900, emphasizing the Progressive Movement, the New Deal, the role of the United States in world affairs, and the role of the presidency and intelligence community. Begins with World War II.

The nature and history of the military in the United States from the American Revolution to the present, with emphasis on its role and significance in American life and foreign affairs.

Examination of the political, social, cultural, and military history of both the Vietnamese and American sides of the war in Vietnam.

Examination of rock and roll as a political, social, and economic as well as cultural allegory for twentieth-century American history. Special attention is given to artists who epitomized styles or genres.

The course traces Greek history from the Minoans and Mycenaeans to the Hellenistic world, with stress on politics, literature and art; the rise of Rome, the decay of the Roman republic, the high civilization of the Emperors, the rise of Christianity, and the Fall of the Empire.

History of Byzantine Empire bridging from late antiquity to early modernity and stretching over three continents. Surveys imperial political, economic, social and cultural policies and developments and especially the empire's encounters and interactions with Slavs, Western Europeans, Persians, Berbers, Arabs, and Turks.

Examines the development of a distinct medieval society from a mixture of Roman, Christian and Germanic cultures. Specific topics include political fragmentation and reorganization, the growth of towns and commerce, innovative religious movements, as well as later medieval upheavals. Special attention is paid to politicized uses of medieval imagery in modern society around race and religion.

Europe from the Black Death to Erasmus, with stress on Western Europe, especially Italy and the intellectual and artistic achievements of the age.

The course, which stresses political and religious history, begins with the late medieval church, then studies Luther and Calvin and the rise of Protestantism, the Catholic Reformation and the Wars of Religion.

A survey of the political, economic and cultural institutions of the Western European States in the aftermath of the French Revolution and Napoleon. Principal states include Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, the Low Countries and Spain.

Europe from 1914 to the present, including: World War I and the consequences of the peace settlement, the growth of totalitarianism, World War II and the development of collective security.

A survey of the causes, course and consequences of the First World War. Beginning with events and military operations in Europe, the course also treats the war outside of Europe and at sea, as well as the political, social, economic and intellectual impact of the "war to end all wars."

A survey of the causes, course, and consequences of the Second World War. Focuses on the European theater including military developments, propaganda, the defeat of German and Japanese imperialism, the impact of the war on society and the origins of the Cold War.

A survey of the Middle East from antiquity to modernity. Caliphates and sultanates are featured as well as European incursions and invasions. Colonialism and post-colonialism also receive particular attention. Concludes by examining contemporary conditions.

A study of crime and punishment from both the historical and philosophical perspectives. Emphasizes the European experience as a foundation for understanding American developments including the interdisciplinary aspects of crime and punishment.

Examines historical debates related to the origins and development of the capitalist system of production and social organization. Topics include markets, industrialization, deindustrialization and financialization, focusing especially on the United States.

An introduction to the field of environmental history, examining the role of social structures in shaping the natural environment as well as the role of environmental factors in shaping historical change. Topics include climate change and ecological crises; the dynamic relationship between empires and colonies; the rise of market economies and modern states; shifting attitudes toward technology, sustainability, and preservation; idealized images of a bucolic nature before the advent of industrialization; the emergence of environmental activism.

An examination of the means by which the skills and methods of history are applied by professionals outside the classroom. Topics include public history as a sub-discipline of history, historic preservation, and the emergence of history museums and historical societies.

An examination of technologies for researching, presenting and preserving historical materials. Students will learn to apply historic methods through digital media technologies. Topics will include systems and tools for: researching and collecting documents and materials: digitizing, editing and manipulating materials; presenting content to local and distant audiences; and preserving materials in appropriate formats. Digital imaging, multimedia and Web page creation, streaming technologies, presentations systems and CD/DVD production will be investigated. The unique capabilities of collaboration and distribution over high-speed networks (Internet2) will also be explored. Requirements include a final project on a historical topic that incorporates some or all of the technologies introduced in the course. This project will demonstrate mastery of content as well as technology.

Explores the connections between history and memory, particularly public and collective memory, through a variety of media and material culture. Considers how the past shapes notions of national identity, politics and culture, and how present-day concerns reshape those understandings.

Examines the rise of the United States from colony to empire in little more than a century. Considers the connections between foreign and domestic policy, the role of slavery in U.S. international relations, and the influence of racial and gendered ideologies on American empire and exceptionalism in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Considers recurring themes, attitudes, and policies in U.S. foreign policy since 1914, including how race, gender and culture have influenced its development. Topics include the two World Wars, the Cold War in Europe and Latin America, the Korean and Vietnam conflicts and more recent U.S. interventions in the Middle East.

American westward expansion from colonial days to the 20th century, emphasizing the impact of the frontier on the development of American culture and institutions.

A survey of migration to the United States (and Britain's North American colonies) that explores how immigrants have built communities, sought economic security and experienced cultural change. Addresses anti-immigrant sentiment, race construction and notions of cultural pluralism. Contextualizes immigration--an issue central to American identity--within a transnational framework of global labor markets, American incursions overseas and the worldwide movement of peoples.

Examines the history of Latinx civil rights movements in the United States. Traces how varied understandings of race, ethnicity, class, gender, and sexuality have shaped the ways in which Latinx communities have constructed, transformed and contested identities and senses of belonging in the U.S. and across the Americas. Special attention is paid to the ways in which these communities have fashioned social movements to respond to issues surrounding migration, civil rights, economic justice, feminism, religion, education, colonialism, militarism and popular culture. Takes a relational approach to Latinx history, examining how Latinx communities interacted and collaborated at the local, national, and international level with other communities in the United States, Latin America and beyond.

Examines Latinx communities in the contemporary Midwestern United States. Delves into histories of Latinx migration and settlement in urban and rural areas, nativist movements, legislation targeting immigrants, experiments in dual-language immersion education and issues connected to integration of neighborhoods and religious sites. Explores distinct Midwest characteristics and examines what regional concepts tell us about Latinx community formation, placemakin, and memory within the broader American context.

Survey of the historical impact of religious belief and institutions on the intellectual, cultural, and public life of the United States.

The role and response of African-Americans in American society. Emphasis on the problems of slavery, exclusion, accommodation, migration, urbanization, and currents of protest.

History of the American city from the colonial era to the present. Topics include the economic, political, and cultural effects of cities on American society, as well as America's philosophical and moral response to urbanization.

Survey of the history of women and the variety of women's experiences in America from pre-European contact to the present. The historical construction of gender and the ways that diverse women have shaped and contested their various experiences as mothers, daughters, wives, and partners; as farmers and workers; as slaves and conquered peoples; as reformers and political activists; and as immigrants and citizens are analyzed.

The history of children and childhood in the United States from colonial times to the present, with an emphasis on child rearing, race, gender, class, and popular culture.

A survey of Native American history from 1491 (before Columbus’s “Discovery”) to the present. Explores the diverse cultures and histories of indigenous peoples in the present-day United States and focuses on particular themes such as colonization and decolonization, settler colonialism, intimacy and violence, removal and “survivance,” assimilation and allotment, along with sovereignty and self-determination. Grapples with contemporary issues related to Native mascots, treaties, casinos, cultural representation and more.

A survey of American thought and culture from the first contacts between indigenous peoples and Europeans, through the development of the United States, to the present. Particular attention will be paid to those moments of intellectual and cultural conflict that illuminate and define the process by which a variety of Americans have shaped a distinct but malleable American culture.

Focuses on common people in the American legal tradition from the colonial era through the 20th century, with particular attention to the 14th Amendment and its role in individual rights and freedoms. Topics include the legal cultivation of “race,” the genesis and maturation of the United States Constitution, and the evolution of legal principles stemming from Supreme Court interpretations, Congressional legislation and case law.

Overview of warfare in ancient Near Eastern and Greco-Roman history, focusing on developments in armor, weaponry and tactics used in conflicts that shaped the ancient world and contributed to the rise and fall of its great empires. Includes the study of wars fought under such memorable figures as Ramses III, Sennacherib, Leonidas, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar and Constantine, with an emphasis on how those generals and their armies paved the way for modern military engagements.

Examines the 14th century global pandemic as a case study for examining its social, political and cultural impact on medieval societies. Investigates the relationship between the spread of plague and the physical environment, as well as assesses how modern scientific knowledge impacts our understanding of the event.

Western European and Middle Eastern relations from the 11th through the 13th centuries; includes Arabic, Byzantine, Turkish, and Mongol areas.

Survey of women's experiences in western civilization from prehistory to the present. Focusing primarily on Europe, analyzes the changing roles and responsibilities of women in the family, in the work force and in the community. Highlights the impact of phenomena such as religion, science, technology and democracy on the shifting perceptions and definitions of gender in western civilization.

Examines the ideological divisions and challenges leading to the war, to differing worldviews between the Grand Alliance and the Axis powers and their other allies across Africa and Asia, and the lasting effect it would bring to different regions of the world. Central to understanding the war's global impact, it includes the examination of how ideas such as nationalism, race, ethnicity, ideology, colonialism and imperialism were contested at home as well as abroad. Ultimately creates an opportunity for cross-cultural awareness and gaining a broader understanding of different perspectives that have shaped our contemporary world.

The lives and works of prominent European scientists, philosophers and artists from the Enlightenment to the present.

The political, socio-economic, religious and cultural developments in Renaissance and Reformation England with particular attention to the personalities who dominate the Tudor court; the effects of the establishment of Caesaro-Papism by Henry VIII upon the art, architecture, literature, and social life of the country.

Explores debates over political power in 18th-century Britain through the lens of art and artifacts. Addresses the contested public memory of earlier conflicts including the English Civil War, Regicide and Cromwellian dictatorship; contemporary struggles over class, gender and representation; as well as the American Revolution, as communicated through material culture (paintings and prints, architecture, monuments, household objects, new inventions, etc.).

Focuses on the democratization of Britain, the creation of the welfare state, and the erosion of Victorian Britain's commercial and political global primacy reflected in the disintegration of the British empire and fragmentation of the United Kingdom.

Survey of the creation, expansion and dismantling of the world's largest empire from the 16th century to the present. Explores political, social, economic and cultural factors. Emphasis on contrasting the views and experiences of Britons and of natives of various colonized areas.

Survey of the creation, expansion and dismantling of the world's largest empire from the 16th century to the present. Explores political, social, economic and cultural factors. Emphasis on contrasting the views and experiences of Britons and of natives of various colonized areas. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

A survey of the political and cultural history of Ireland since the Grattan parliament, focusing upon the dual legacy of constitutional and revolutionary nationalism in Irish life.

France from the fall of Napoleon to the present, especially emphasizing the development of French democracy and the nation's enduring impact on world affairs.

Traces the tumultuous history from the creation of Germany as a unified country to its present status as one of the leading nations in the contemporary world. Examines the enormous social and cultural changes in German life over the past century and a half, and focuses on the search for justice in the midst of terrible injustice as a defining feature of Germany’s global role from the 19th to the 21st century. Presents both the astonishing creativity and the unparalleled destructiveness of modern German history.

Overview of the history of Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945. Primarily focuses on the origins and development of the Holocaust and the attempted genocide of the Jews of Europe. Concentrates on the conception and implementation of Nazi extermination policies in German-occupied Europe during World War II, paying attention to both ideological and practical aspects of the “Final Solution.”

Explores the Slavs, the Kievan Rus Empire, the Mongol invasion, the rise of Muscovy and the Russian empire of Peter the Great and his successors down to the emancipation of the serfs in 1861.

Pre-revolutionary Russia from 1861, the Revolution of 1917, Soviet economic growth and totalitarianism, and the emergence of the USSR as a world power and its subsequent collapse.

Pre-revolutionary Russia from 1861, the Revolution of 1917, Soviet economic growth and totalitarianism, and the emergence of the USSR as a world power and its subsequent collapse. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component.

A survey of Revolutionary Europe with emphasis on the causes and consequences of the Revolution, the Reign of Terror, the counter-revolutionary movements, the conquest of Europe, and the relation between revolution and religion.

The origins, nature and consequences of the Cold War, with emphasis on the 1945-1970 period. Topics include the continuing effects of the Cold War, prospects for new international rivalries and the domestic consequences of the Cold War.

Examines the creation of “Latin America” as a result of Spanish and Portuguese colonialism in the Americas, from the late fifteenth through the eighteenth century. Focuses on the meeting points of distinctly different cultures (primarily Amerindian, European and African); the often violent insertion of the Americas into the early modern global economy; and some of the legacies of Latin America's colonial experience in the modern world.; HIST 1301 recommended.

Analyzes the symbiotic relationship between the United States and Latin America from 1776 to the present, focusing on the key themes of race, colonialism, resistance, transculturation, dependency, revolution, the drug trade and immigration. Examines how the United States' changing global status has affected its political, economic and cultural relationship with other countries in the Americas.; HIST 1301 and HIST 1101 recommended.

Survey of Caribbean history from pre-Columbian times to the present. Emphasizes the diasporas flowing in and out of the region from the indigenous to the European and African peoples up to the immigration of Caribbean inhabitants into Central America, the United States, Canada and Europe. Examines major topics along this general theme including colonialism, resistance, slavery, race, gender, the transformation of work and the economy, state formation, U.S. intervention and competing political systems.

Mexico from pre-Columbian times to the present, with emphasis on ancient civilizations, the conquest, colonial society, independence, nineteenth-century development, Porfirian dictatorship, the Revolution of 1910, and modern society since 1920.

North Africa from the 7th century to the present, emphasizing Islamic and European influences.

Explores the relationship between history and race in South Africa, especially how the state-dictated system of racial separation and discrimination affected the lived experience of South Africa’s diverse populations. Topics include but are not limited to the establishment of European settlement and colonization, mineral discoveries and their impact, industrialization and social change, race and the apartheid system, African resistance, transitional justice and race in post-apartheid South African society.; HIST 1401 recommended.

Major events, people and debates in Japanese history from 1800 to the present. Includes examinations of the "margins" of Japanese history: the countryside, the common people, ethnic minorities, marginal identities, etc., in order to understand how individuals dealt with changes in Japan from its early modernity to the present day.

Examines the basic themes in pre-1900 Japanese history, in particular, the time when Japan was ruled by samurai. Topics include: the rise of the military government, regional and global interaction, as well as changes in culture, economy and society throughout ancient, medieval and early modern Japan. Also examines modern-day issues.; HIST 1501 recommended.

Examines the tremendous flourishing of Chinese and Japanese cultures between the 7th and 14th centuries and the influence Mongol conquests played on the diffusion of these cultures to the west.

The history of China from 1800-1976, emphasizing national responses to imperial decline, western intervention, civil wars, foreign occupation, and political turmoil.

Examines the emergence, development, underlying causes and uses of genocide, ethnic cleansing and the other crimes against humanity in the twentieth-century. Case studies include colonial genocides; the Armenian genocide; the Holocaust; the Cambodian genocide; the Rwandan genocide; and the ethnic cleansings in the former Yugoslavia. Explores responses to these crimes, denial and memory, justice and redress, and strategies of prevention and intervention will be explored.; HIST 1001 and HIST 1002 recommended.

A lecture course on various areas and themes. The specific topics of 4931 courses will be designated in the Schedule of Classes.

Readings and discussion course designed to introduce a small group of undergraduates to topics, problems and methodologies in history which are not taught in the regular lecture courses. Topics are designated in the Schedule of Classes.

Designed to initiate a small group of undergraduates in the techniques of scholarly historical study by concentrated work in a specialized field.

Professional experience outside of the classroom in public history, editorial, teaching, public service, research, or digital humanities. Students must arrange the internship in consultation with the department chair or designate. Students work three hours per week per credit hour and submit an annotated time sheet and a 3-5 page reflection paper on the work experience at the end of the term. S/U grade assessment. Note: Students with an Interdisciplinary Minor in Public History must complete a 3-credit Internship in History at an archive, art or history museum, historical society or other approved institution. Students must arrange the internship in consultation with the department chair or designate and complete an internship agreement.

Professional experience outside of the classroom in public history, editorial, teaching, public service, research or digital humanities. Students must arrange the internship in consultation with the department chair or designate. Students work ten hours per week and submit an annotated time sheet and a 3-5 page reflection paper on the work experience at the end of the term. SNC/UNC grade assessment.

Faculty-supervised, independent study/research of a specific area or topic in history., cons. of instr., and cons. of dept. ch.

Independent research project under supervision of faculty member. As an Honors Program course, includes a more intensive research or project component. GPA and cons. of dept. ch.; admission to History Disciplinary Honors Program.

An examination of the means by which the skills and methods of history are applied by professionals outside the classroom. Topics include public history as a sub-discipline of history, historic preservation, and the emergence of history museums and historical societies.

An examination of technologies for researching, presenting and preserving of historical materials. How to apply historic methods through digital media technologies. Topics will include systems and tools for: researching and collecting documents and materials; digitizing, editing and manipulating materials; presenting content to local and distant audiences; and preserving materials in appropriate formats. Investigates digital imaging, multimedia and Web page creation, streaming technologies, presentations systems and CD/DVD production. Also explores the unique capabilities of collaboration and distribution over high-speed networks (Internet2). Requirements include a final project on a historical topic that incorporates some or all of the technologies introduced, demonstrating mastery of content as well as technology.

Explores the connections between history and memory, particularly public and collective memory, through a variety of media and material culture. Considers how the past shapes notions of national identity, politics and culture, and how present-day concerns reshape those understandings.

Examines the rise of the United States from colony to empire in little more than a century. Considers the connections between foreign and domestic policy, the role of slavery in U.S. international relations, and the influence of racial and gendered ideologies on American empire and exceptionalism in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Considers recurring themes, attitudes, and policies in U.S. foreign policy since 1914, including how race, gender and culture have influenced its development. Topics include the two World Wars, the Cold War in Europe and Latin America, the Korean and Vietnam conflicts and more recent U.S. interventions in the Middle East.

American westward expansion from colonial days to the 20th century, emphasizing the impact of the frontier on the development of American culture and institutions.

A survey of migration to the United States (and Britain's North American colonies) that explores how immigrants have built communities, sought economic security and experienced cultural change. Addresses anti-immigrant sentiment, race construction and notions of cultural pluralism. Contextualizes immigration--an issue central to American identity--within a transnational framework of global labor markets, American incursions overseas and the worldwide movement of peoples.

Examines the history of Latinx civil rights movements in the United States. Traces how varied understandings of race, ethnicity, class, gender, and sexuality have shaped the ways in which Latinx communities have constructed, transformed and contested identities and senses of belonging in the U.S. and across the Americas. Special attention is paid to the ways in which these communities have fashioned social movements to respond to issues surrounding migration, civil rights, economic justice, feminism, religion, education, colonialism, militarism and popular culture. Takes a relational approach to Latinx history, examining how Latinx communities interacted and collaborated at the local, national, and international level with other communities in the United States, Latin America and beyond.

Examines Latinx communities in the contemporary Midwestern United States. Delves into histories of Latinx migration and settlement in urban and rural areas, nativist movements, legislation targeting immigrants, experiments in dual-language immersion education and issues connected to integration of neighborhoods and religious sites. Explores distinct Midwest characteristics and examines what regional concepts tell us about Latinx community formation, placemakin, and memory within the broader American context.

Survey the historical impact of religious belief and institutions on the intellectual, cultural, and public life of the United States.

The role and response of African-Americans in American society. Emphasis on the problems of slavery, exclusion, accommodation, migration, urbanization, and currents of protest.

History of the American city from the colonial era to the present. Topics include the economic, political, and cultural effects of cities on American society, as well as America's philosophical and moral response to urbanization.

Survey of the history of women and the variety of women's experiences in America from pre-European contact to the present. The historical construction of gender and the ways that diverse women have shaped and contested their various experiences as mothers, daughters, wives, and partners; as farmers and workers; as slaves and conquered peoples; as reformers and political activists; and as immigrants and citizens are analyzed.

The history of children and childhood in the United States from colonial times to the present, with an emphasis on child rearing, race, gender, class, and popular culture.

A survey of Native American history from 1491 (before Columbus’s “Discovery”) to the present. Explores the diverse cultures and histories of indigenous peoples in the present-day United States, and focuses on particular themes such as colonization and decolonization, settler colonialism, intimacy and violence, removal and “survivance,” assimilation and allotment, along with sovereignty and self-determination. Grapples with contemporary issues related to Native mascots, treaties, casinos, cultural representation, and more.

A survey of American thought and culture from the first contacts between indigenous peoples and Europeans, through the development of the United States to the present. Particular attention paid to those moments of intellectual and cultural conflict that illuminate and define the process by which a variety of Americans have shaped a distinct but malleable American culture.

Focuses on common people in the American legal tradition from the colonial era through the 20th century, with particular attention to the 14th Amendment and its role in individual rights and freedoms. Topics include the legal cultivation of “race,” the genesis and maturation of the United States Constitution, and the evolution of legal principles stemming from Supreme Court interpretations, Congressional legislation and case law.

Overview of warfare in ancient Near Eastern and Greco-Roman history, focusing on developments in armor, weaponry and tactics used in conflicts that shaped the ancient world and contributed to the rise and fall of its great empires. Includes the study of wars fought under such memorable figures as Ramses III, Sennacherib, Leonidas, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar and Constantine, with an emphasis on how those generals and their armies paved the way for modern military engagements.

Examines the 14th century global pandemic as a case study for examining its social, political and cultural impact on medieval societies. Investigates the relationship between the spread of plague and the physical environment, as well as assesses how modern scientific knowledge impacts our understanding of the event.

Western European and Middle Eastern relations from the 11th through the 13th centuries; includes Arabic, Byzantine, Turkish, and Mongol areas.

Survey of women's experiences in western civilization from prehistory to the present. Focusing primarily on Europe, analyzes the changing roles and responsibilities of women in the family, in the work force and in the community. Highlights the impact of phenomena such as religion, science, technology and democracy on the shifting perceptions and definitions of gender in western civilization.

Examines the ideological divisions and challenges leading to the war, to differing worldviews between the Grand Alliance and the Axis powers and their other allies across Africa and Asia, and the lasting effect it would bring to different regions of the world. Central to understanding the war's global impact, it includes the examination of how ideas such as nationalism, race, ethnicity, ideology, colonialism and imperialism were contested at home as well as abroad. Ultimately creates an opportunity for cross-cultural awareness and gaining a broader understanding of different perspectives that have shaped our contemporary world.

The lives and works of prominent European scientists, philosophers and artists from the Enlightenment to the present.

The political, socio-economic, religious and cultural developments in Renaissance and Reformation England with particular attention to the personalities who dominate the Tudor court; the effects of the establishment of Caesaro-Papism by Henry VIII upon the art, architecture, literature and social life of the country.

Explores debates over political power in 18th-century Britain through the lens of art and artifacts. Addresses the contested public memory of earlier conflicts including the English Civil War, Regicide and Cromwellian dictatorship; contemporary struggles over class, gender and representation; as well as the American Revolution, as communicated through material culture (paintings and prints, architecture, monuments, household objects, new inventions, etc.).

Focuses on the democratization of Britain, the creation of the welfare state, and the erosion of Victorian Britain's commercial and political global primacy reflected in the disintegration of the British empire and fragmentation of the United Kingdom.

Survey of the creation, expansion and dismantling of the world's largest empire from the 16th century to the present. Explores political, social, economic and cultural factors. Emphasis on contrasting the views and experiences of Britons and of natives of various colonized areas. Students not in the Honors Program may request registration permission from the department.

A survey of the political and cultural history of Ireland since the Grattan parliament, focusing upon the dual legacy of constitutional and revolutionary nationalism in Irish life.

France from the fall of Napoleon to the present, especially emphasizing the development of French democracy and the nation's enduring impact on world affairs.

Traces the tumultuous history from the creation of Germany as a unified country to its present status as one of the leading nations in the contemporary world. Examines the enormous social and cultural changes in German life over the past century and a half, and focuses on the search for justice in the midst of terrible injustice as a defining feature of Germany’s global role from the 19th to the 21st century. Presents both the astonishing creativity and the unparalleled destructiveness of modern German history.

Overview of the history of Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945. Primarily focuses on the origins and development of the Holocaust and the attempted genocide of the Jews of Europe. Concentrates on the conception and implementation of Nazi extermination policies in German-occupied Europe during World War II, paying attention to both ideological and practical aspects of the “Final Solution.”

Explores the Slavs, the Kievan Rus Empire, the Mongol invasion, the rise of Muscovy and the Russian empire of Peter the Great and his successors down to the emancipation of the serfs in 1861.

Pre-revolutionary Russia from 1861, the Revolution of 1917, Soviet economic growth and totalitarianism, and the emergence of the USSR as a world power and its subsequent collapse. Students not in the Honors Program may request registration permission from the department.

A survey of Revolutionary Europe with emphasis on the causes and consequences of the Revolution, the Reign of Terror, the counter-revolutionary movements, the conquest of Europe, and the relation between revolution and religion.

The origins, nature and consequences of the Cold War, with emphasis on the 1945-1970 period. Topics include the continuing effects of the Cold War, prospects for new international rivalries and the domestic consequences of the Cold War.

Examines the creation of “Latin America” as a result of Spanish and Portuguese colonialism in the Americas, from the late fifteenth through the eighteenth century. Focuses on the meeting points of distinctly different cultures (primarily Amerindian, European and African); the often violent insertion of the Americas into the early modern global economy; and some of the legacies of Latin America's colonial experience in the modern world.

Analyzes the symbiotic relationship between the United States and Latin America from 1776 to the present, focusing on the key themes of race, colonialism, resistance, transculturation, dependency, revolution, the drug trade and immigration. Examines how the United States' changing global status has affected its political, economic and cultural relationship with other countries in the Americas.

Survey of Caribbean history from pre-Columbian times to the present. Emphasizes the diasporas flowing in and out of the region from the indigenous to the European and African peoples up to the immigration of Caribbean inhabitants into Central America, the United States, Canada and Europe. Examines major topics along this general theme including colonialism, resistance, slavery, race, gender, the transformation of work and the economy, state formation, U.S. intervention and competing political systems.

Mexico from pre-Columbian times to the present, with emphasis on ancient civilizations, the conquest, colonial society, independence, nineteenth-century development, Porfirian dictatorship, the Revolution of 1910, and modern society since 1920.

North Africa from the 7th century to the present, emphasizing Islamic and European influences.

Explores the relationship between history and race in South Africa, especially how the state-dictated system of racial separation and discrimination affected the lived experience of South Africa’s diverse populations. Topics include but are not limited to the establishment of European settlement and colonization, mineral discoveries and their impact, industrialization and social change, race and the apartheid system, African resistance, transitional justice and race in post-apartheid South African society.

Major events, people and debates in Japanese history from 1800 to the present. Includes examinations of the "margins" of Japanese history: the countryside, the common people, ethnic minorities, marginal identities, etc., in order to understand how individuals dealt with changes in Japan from its early modernity to the present day.

Examines the basic themes in pre-1900 Japanese history, in particular, the time when Japan was ruled by samurai. Topics include: the rise of the military government, regional and global interaction, as well as changes in culture, economy and society throughout ancient, medieval and early modern Japan. Also examines modern-day issues.

Examines the tremendous flourishing of Chinese and Japanese cultures between the 7th and 14th centuries and the influence Mongol conquests played on the diffusion of these cultures to the west.

The history of China from 1800-1976, emphasizing national responses to imperial decline, western intervention, civil wars, foreign occupation and political turmoil.

Examines the emergence, development, underlying causes and uses of genocide, ethnic cleansing and the other crimes against humanity in the twentieth century. Case studies include colonial genocides; the Armenian genocide; the Holocaust; the Cambodian genocide; the Rwandan genocide; and the ethnic cleansings in the former Yugoslavia. Explores responses to these crimes, denial and memory, justice and redress and strategies of prevention and intervention.

A lecture course on various areas and themes. The specific topics of 4931 courses will be designated in the Schedule of Classes.

Readings and discussion course designed to introduce a small group of undergraduates to topics, problems and methodologies in history which are not taught in the regular lecture courses. Topics are designated in the Schedule of Classes.

Professional experience outside of the classroom in public history, editorial, teaching, public service, research, or digital humanities. Students must arrange the internship in consultation with the department chair or designate. Students work three hours per week per credit hour and submit an annotated time sheet and a 3-5 page reflection paper on the work experience at the end of the term. S/U grade assessment.

Professional experience outside of the classroom in public history, editorial, teaching, public service, research or digital humanities. Students must arrange the internship in consultation with the department chair or designate. Students work ten hours per week and submit an annotated time sheet and a 3-5 page reflection paper on the work experience at the end of the term. SNC/UNC grade assessment.

The nature and theories of history, principles and methodologies of historical research, specializations within the discipline, and the professional applications of history. Required of all entering M.A. and Ph.D. students.

An examination of the professional identification, interpretation, preservation and stewardship of cultural artifacts and sites of historical significance. Introduces students to aspects of cultural heritage management, such as public memory, monuments and memorials; museum exhibit curation and collections management; archival science and records management; digital humanities and online museology; historical preservation and urban policy; and cultural resource management.

An examination of the expansion of the English empire to North America. Topics include: exploration; colony founding; the political, social and economic maturation of the colonies; the imperial system including resistance to Parliamentary laws; relations with native populations; the development of slavery; changing roles for women; and the inter-colonial wars between the English and French Empires.

An examination of the creation and development of the United States to the beginnings of the sectional conflict. Topics include: the causes of the rebellion; conflicts between Americans; the war for independence; constitution making; foreign relations including the War of 1812; the roles of and the relations between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches under the constitution of 1787; westward expansion and Indian removal; the problem of slavery in national politics; and the political, social, and economic maturation of the new nation.

An examination of the origins and conduct of the Civil War, Reconstruction, and the political, economic, and social transformation of the United States in the late 19th century. Topics include: the political, constitutional, economic, and moral contexts of the institution of slavery; slave life and race relations; territorial expansion, the development of the West, and Native American policy; the political, social, and economic impact of the Civil War and reconstruction; the development of an American foreign policy; the evolution of political parties; industrialization, urbanization, and immigration.

An examination of the political, economic, and social history of the 20th century. Topics include: the United States' rise to global power; the Progressive Era; the Great Depression; the Cold War and its related conflicts; cultural, social, and intellectual currents; the expansion of the federal government; and the evolution of political parties.

A guided reading program on the major issues and historiography of Europe between Late Antiquity and the beginnings of Early Modern Europe.

A guided reading program on the major issues and historiography of Europe between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries.

A guided reading program on the major issues and historiography of Europe during the "long" nineteenth-century.

A guided reading program on the major issues and historiography of 20th-century Europe.

A guided reading program on the major issues, methodologies, and historiography in global history.

Topics may vary.

Lectures and discussions in an area which, because of its topicality, is not the subject of a regular course.

Research seminar designed to allow graduate students to engage in independent scholarship within a topical field.

Faculty-supervised, independent study/research of a specific area or topic in History.

S/U grade assessment.

Supports research preparation for doctoral qualifying exams and dissertation outlines, as well as ongoing career discernment in history, the humanities and beyond.

A course whose mode of instruction offers a student the opportunity to study or do in-depth research on a topic or subject matter not usually offered in the established curriculum, with a current Marquette faculty of his/her choice and independent of the classroom setting.

S/U grade assessment.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Designated as less than half-time status only, cannot be used in conjunction with other courses, and does not qualify students for financial aid or loan deferment.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Designated as full-time status. If a student is already registered in other courses full time, this continuation course is not needed.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Designated as full-time status. If a student is already registered in other courses full time, this continuation course is not needed.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Designated as full-time status. If a student is already registered in other courses full time, this continuation course is not needed.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of less than half-time status. Requires that the student is working less than 12 hours per week toward their master's comprehensive exam.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of half-time status. Requires that the student is working more than 12 to less than 20 hours per week toward their master's comprehensive exam. May be taken in conjunction with credit-bearing or other non-credit courses to result in the status indicated, as deemed appropriate by the department.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of full-time status. Requires that the student is working 20 hours or more per week toward their master's comprehensive exam. May be taken in conjunction with credit-bearing or other non-credit courses to result in the status indicated, as deemed appropriate by the department.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of less than half-time status. Requires that the student is working less than 12 hours per week toward their doctoral qualifying exam.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of half-time status. Requires that the student is working more than 12 to less than 20 hours per week toward their doctoral qualifying exam. May be taken in conjunction with credit-bearing or other non-credit courses to result in the status indicated, as deemed appropriate by the department.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of full-time status. Requires that the student is working 20 hours or more per week toward their doctoral qualifying exam. May be taken in conjunction with credit-bearing or other non-credit courses to result in the status indicated, as deemed appropriate by the department.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of less than half-time status. Requires that the student is working less than 12 hours per week on their master's thesis. All six thesis credits required for the degree should be completed before registering for non-credit Master's Thesis Continuation.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of half-time status. Requires that the student is working more than 12 to less than 20 hours per week on their master's thesis. All six thesis credits required for the degree should be completed before registering for non-credit Master's Thesis Continuation.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of full-time status. Requires that the student is working 20 hours or more per week on their master's thesis. All six thesis credits required for the degree should be completed before registering for non-credit Master's Thesis Continuation.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of less than half-time status. Requires that the student is working less than 12 hours per week on their doctoral dissertation. All 12 dissertation credits required for the degree should be completed before registering for non-credit Doctoral Dissertation Continuation.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of half-time status. Requires that the student is working more than 12 to less than 20 hours per week on their doctoral dissertation. All 12 dissertation credits required for the degree should be completed before registering for non-credit Doctoral Dissertation Continuation.

Fee. SNC/UNC grade assessment. Allows a student to be considered the equivalent of full-time status. Requires that the student is working 20 hours or more per week on their doctoral dissertation. All 12 dissertation credits required for the degree should be completed before registering for non-credit Doctoral Dissertation Continuation.